Decisions that determine substantive criminal or civil issues, together with individual subsequent decisions and individual forfeiture decisions, are issued in the form of a judgment. Other decisions, if made by an authority comprising a panel of judges, are issued in the form of a decree, or if they are made by a single person, in the form of a ruling.33 The provisions on summary penalty order procedures are reserved.
Decisions are issued in writing and contain a statement of the grounds. They are signed by the director of proceedings and the clerk of court and are served on the parties.
Simple decrees and rulings directing proceedings do not require to be issued in any specific form or to contain a statement of grounds; they are noted in the case records and notified to the parties in a suitable manner.